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Monthly Archives: July 2024

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What’s Indian railways’ priority after the CRS report: Vande Bharat or rail safety?

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Last week, the Commissioner of Railway Safety (CRS) had slammed Indian Railways for Kanchanjunga Express-goods train collision on June 17 in which 10 people had died and 30 others injured. The goods train rammed into Kanchenjunga Express from behind near Rangapani station , close to New Jalpaiguri in North Bengal.

The loco pilot of the goods train was given incorrect authority document, the report had said. The initial probe, however, had blamed the goods train crew for the accident.

“It was an accident-in-waiting,” said the CRS report, adding that there were errors in multiple levels of the administration and station staff.

According to CRS, a wrong paper authority to pass (T/A 912) was issued to the crew of the goods train by the authorities. Loco pilot of the goods train was not given any speed guidelines while crossing the signal which made matters worse, the report said.

The accident in Darjeeling district had been classified under the “Error in train working” section. Due to improper authority and that too without adequate information, such an incident was an “accident-in-waiting”, the CRS report had said.

“It is really a matter of concern that if the teachers themselves (traffic inspector and chief loco inspector), are not aware of the subject, what knowledge will they impart to students (loco pilot and SS/SM)?” the report had said.
Citing the failure of automatic signaling, the report said: “There have been 275 failures in the auto section of the Katihar Division since the commissioning in January 2023 till 20th June 2024…the large number of signaling failures in the automatic section is defeating the very purpose of mobility enhancement and causing safety concerns,” the report said.

Last week, the Railway Board, had announced that the rail ministry had standardized the operating procedure for train crew in case of such failures. “To increase the reliability of signaling equipment, an action plan is being prepared with the zone, under the chairmanship of RDSO (Research designs and standards organization)” the Board had said.

The CRS report also mentioned that the implementation of the Kavach anti-collision system needs to be shown on ground to avoid collisions,

As a rail enthusiast, I’d like to raise a few points to the rail ministry.

Well, the government may go ahead with bullet trains or high-speed trains. But, equal emphasis, if not more, must be given on improving infrastructure of suburban rail network on which millions of common people depend every day. Since I grew up in a suburb named Naihati, near Kolkata and lived close to the rail station, I am familiar with the rail infrastructure over the years. I used to travel everyday from Naihati to Sealdah rail station during late 70’s and early 80’s and had seen and personally experienced daily commuters’ ordeal and woes. I had seen how common folks travel in coaches packed like sardines!

Isn’t the top brass of the Sealdah section aware of the pain and pathos of the daily passengers? Doesn’t he know the deplorable state of affairs?

Even now, while the government has been working zealously to modernise railways and build high-speed trains befitting Asia’s third largest economy, daily passengers’ agony continues: local trains perennially run late, lack of adequate trains, most of the coaches are old and decrepit. Rundown and shabby interior will stare at you as you step into the compartment. Windows are mostly non-functional. About the cleanliness, hygiene and floor of the compartment, the less said the better.

However, recently the authorities have introduced some new coaches. I wonder how long these new coaches will shine in the absence of public discipline and poor maintenance.

What needs to be done urgently is to improve basic infrastructure (including tracks upgrade with high strength rails) and ensure commuters’ safety. The Kanchanjunga Express accident has made it amply clear that the authorities had been lackadaisical and adequate action was not taken following the Balasore train accident.

Will the rail authorities wake up and take urgent action following the CRS report keeping in mind the passengers’ safety which should be top priority?

Vande Bharat is good, but running trains on time, tracks upgrade, keeping coaches clean and making rail journey safer is better!

Is the rail minister listening?


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Searing heat wave in US: global cooperation needed to combat climate change

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A Washington Post news report last week on extreme heat in the US which has “killed at least 28 in the past week” has prompted me to write this story. Last August, I had written in my blog (following the wild fires in Canada and the US) that we’re living in a time of serious environmental catastrophe. Unfortunately, world leaders are blissfully unaware of its impacts on the environment, and its implications for society, economy and policy.

According to a BBC report, Canada’s boreal zone— a mixture of forest and wetland—makes up more than half of its land area. Wildfires burned a record185,000 sq km of the country in 2023, an area the size of Syria. In western Canada, 163 of these fires went underground and smoldered until this spring.

The Post report should be a wake-up call for urgent action on climate change.

Most of the heat-related deaths, the Post report says, have been reported in California, Oregon and Arizona, but high temperatures have caused deaths as far east as Maryland, the report has added.

Searing heat in recent years is nothing new in the US. Due to global warming, heat wave has been sweeping through much of the country. “We’ve forest fires in the West, Hurricane Beryl has wreaked havoc in Texas this month. We’ve tornadoes almost every week,” says Alokananda Bagchi, who had taught at Michigan State University. “We’re seeing the ravages of climate change much earlier than had been anticipated, and it feels as though our planet is headed for destruction at breakneck speed,” Bagchi, who has been living in the US since 1991, rues.

The Post report had also said that as of last Wednesday (July 10), “more than 135 million people across the Lower 48 were under heat alerts…” Federal data shows that deaths from heat have increased in the US steadily, in recent years climbing to over 2300 in 2023. About 1600 heat-related fatalities occurred in 2021 and there were approximately 1700 in 2022.

The Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies had published a report in the journal Climate Change last year stating that by the year 2050 the western US will experience not only more wildfires, but they will start earlier in the year, some of which can travel hundreds of miles away from the fire and potentially cause lung problems for anyone who breathes in these tiny particulate of soot and ash.

Much of Canada, like the rest of North America, has experienced record heat recently as climate change continues to warm the planet. Prof Lord Nicholas Stern, former chief economist at the World Bank, in his book “The Global Deal: Climate Change and the creation of a new era of progress and prosperity,” has said: …”the process of climate change starts with the actions of the people and ends with the impacts on people….” A leading authority on what we can do in the face of such threat, Prof Stern has said action on climate change requires the greatest possible international collaboration, led by the US and China, who are by far the greatest emitters of greenhouse gases.

The Biden administration had announced a plan to make the US carbon neutral by 2050. “This will never happen in a million years,” said American columnist Bradley Blankenship.

It’s a matter of great concern that private jets in the US make up approximately 67% of all private jets worldwide. Nearly two-thirds of the world’s private jets are registered in the US, according to data from Airbus Corporate Jets. According to the US Census Bureau, 91.7% of the US households own at least one car, up from 91.3% in 2018, and 22.1% of the household had three or more vehicles in 2022, a 5.2% increase from 2018.

According to a report by a local expatriate, as of the end of June 2023, it is estimated that there are 420 million vehicles (including trucks) in China. Until 2020, the US has held the top position in terms of the number of vehicles, but China now has surpassed it, the report says.

America has produced around 400 billion tons of CO2 since 1751, enough to account for 25% of all anthropogenic emissions globally—and doubles China’s share. This fact alone, coupled with the fact that China with a far larger population and industrial base, produces half as much CO2 per capita, demonstrate that the US bears a unique responsibility toward poorer countries.

Poor countries — the least responsible for the climate change- will be hit earliest and hardest.  Prof Stern has rightly pointed out that we cannot afford the risks of ignoring the costs and consequences of global climate change. Instead of engaging in a blame game, it is high time world leaders closed ranks and got together for the greatest possible international collaboration to save the planet.

Are the US and the Chinese governments listening?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


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OpenAI’s “Sky”: artistes worried over voice cloning

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A news report (in Times of India) earlier this week headlined “AI is our enemy, say voiceover artistes battling voice cloning” came to me as no surprise. I had pointed out in my blog posted last year in May the dangers of the commercialization of artificial intelligence.

San Francisco-based OpenAI’s ChatGPT, which was launched on 30 November, 2022, became the fastest growing app in history when it had hit 100 million users in only two months. The technology’s lucrative potential had spurred companies into action.

However, leading AI experts have urged companies to take cautious approach and warned about the risks and dangers posed by the ground-breaking technology.

Hollywood actress Scarlett Johansson recently alleged that the OpenAI had impersonated her voice. The Hollywood star said she was “shocked, angered and in disbelief” that the updated version of ChatGTP, which can listen to spoken prompts and respond verbally, had a voice  “eerily similar” to hers.

Johansson expressed concern about the Sky, a voice mode feature for ChatGPT which OpenAI had released. People have found striking similarity between the Sky and the Hollywood actress’ voice in the film “Her” which was released in 2013.

OpenAI vehemently denied replicating Johansson’s voice, claiming they had hired a separate voice actress and the similarity was just coincidental. Johansson, however, reportedly secured legal representation and demanded more information from OpenAI. Johansson suspected that OpenAI was profiting by leveraging her voice similar to hers.

Meanwhile, OpenAI has temporarily suspended the “Sky” voice. The Johansson-OpenAI case will serve a cautionary tale and has prompted discussions on ethical considerations and the importance of clear boundaries in the realm of AI development.

Indian voiceover artiste Sanket Mhatre, dubbing for Hollywood superheroes, faces threat similar to Johansson.

Mauricio Bustos, a Chilean artiste, used his Youtube channel for years to try and break into the music industry. Then he discovered AI. Overnight, he made it big using others’ voice. He could rap like Bad Bunny and sing like Justin Bieber. He went viral. Now, he is at the forefront of a global debate: Is AI art really art?

The former CEO of Twitter and Tesla CEO, Elon Musk, lamented that he had committed mistakes in forming the company that became OpenAI, the originator of game-changing ChatGPT artificial intelligence company.

He had regretted about the ChatGPT, saying he’s a ‘huge idiot’ for letting go of OpenAI.

Musk thinks the world is woefully unprepared for the impact of AI. The technology will hit people “like an asteroid”, he had said.

Even though Bill Gates had said he was “scared” about the technology falling into the wrong hands, he had dismissed Musk-backed plan to pause the AI research.

OpenAI CEO Sam Altman had said last year the technology had the potential to be used to manipulate voters and target disinformation especially in an election year in the US.

The AI tools, which have been developed by several firms, met with backlash from their critics for the potential to disrupt millions of jobs, spread misinformation and perpetuate biases.

Geoffrey Hinton, known as the “godfather of artificial intelligence” is particularly concerned that these tools could be trained to sway elections and even to wage war.

He had quit a high-profile job at Google especially to share his concerns that unchecked AI development could pose a danger to humanity.

Hinton said AI chatbots, for instance, could be the future version of election misinformation spread via Facebook and other social media platforms.

He also added: “Don’t think for a moment that Putin wouldn’t make hyper-intelligent robots with the goal of killing Ukranians.” He has suggested a global agreement similar to the 1997 Chemical Weapons Convention might be a good first step toward establishing international rules against weaponized AI.

His concerns have been shared by the Center for AI safety, an organization dedicated to reducing the societal-scale risks from the artificial intelligence.

“Humans are more important than money,” says Yoshua Bengio, one of the pioneers of AI technology. He says he feels “lost” because of the direction that the AI is headed in.

The dangers of artificial intelligence remind me of Oppenheimer’s famous words: “Now, I am become Death, the destroyer of worlds.”

 

 

 

 

 


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